Tunneling-machine.



C. W. HODGSON.

TUNNELING MACHINE.

APPUCATION FILED 1150.3. 1912. RENEwED ocT.23.1915.

C. W. HODGSON.

TUNNELING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILI-:D DEc.3,1912. III-INEWED'OCT.23,1915.

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TUNNELING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED Dec.3,1912. IIEIIEWED ocT.2a,1915.

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. TUNNELING MACHINE.4 APPLICATION FILED DEC. 3, 1912. RENEWEDoc1.23,1915.

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C. W. HODGSON.

TUNNELING MACHINE.

APPLICATION F1150 1156.3. 1912. RENEWED 001.23.1915.

1.31 85,797. .Patented June 6, 1916.

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C..W. HODGSON.

T'UNNELING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 3 |912. RENEWED 0CT.23,1915.

1 ,l 85,797. Patented June 6, 1916.

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1integrating the rock through the instrucanisw. HoDGsoN, oFnENvER,coronario. f

TUNNELING-MACHINE.

specification of Letters Patent.

Originalapplication filed November, 1909, Serial No. 526,352. Dividedand this application led December 3,

1912, Serial No. 734,677. Renewed October 23, 1915.

To all whom Mn/ry concern:

Be it known thatv I, CARL 7. Hour-sox, a citizen of' the United States,residing in the city and county of'. Denver and State of Colorado, haveinventedcertain new and useful Improvements in VTunneling-Machines-z andI' do declare the following to be a full, clear, Vand exact descriptionof the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the arttowhichfit appertains-to make-and use the same,..reference being had tothe accompanying'drawings, and to the letters and figures of referencevmarkedy thereon,l which form avpartof this specification.

My inventionA relatesto improvements `in tunneling machines, and has anumber of features in. commonv with the construction disclosed in myprevious application, Serial No. 526,352, filed November 5, 1909. Inthis construction provision ismade for dismentality of reciprocating,cutting or abra ding; members, a series ofv said members being'mountedupon a structure arranged to rotate when the abradingmembers are inoperation,4 whereby each abradin-gmember changes its position after eachstroke, wherebyA the a-brading or rock-cuttingoperation` iseifectually'accomplished.` y

As illustrated in the drawing, each abradinghead' or member is mountedupona reciprocable shaft to which .the rearward movement isimpartedthrough the instrumentality'fof'acam whereby a power spring iscompressed, the recoil-l of the spring, as soon as-the shaftisreleased/from the action ofthe'cam, serving to drive the abrading memberforwardly againstv the breast of the rock.k The cams-which impart therearward movement to the various abrading members are so arranged thatthey occupy different positionscircumferentially on` the said 'shaftsywith the result that the different abradingl or cutting heads do not allstrike the rock at'the same time, but perform. the

ahrading, function as nearly successively as is practicable. lBy'virtueof this construction and arrangement the abrading; members-may beeffectively' operated at the expense of less-power than wouldbe requiredif .they were all moved rearwardly simultaneously.. Provision is alsomade 'for catching theV mucky orrock cuttings asl they fall from thebreast ofthe rock, and carryngft'hem-rearwardly and depositing them at;

Serial No. 57,627.

the* rear of the machine. These features, as thus far outlined, arecommon to the structure disclosed in my aforesaid application.

In my present construction, the tunneling structure, so far astherotating` apparatus is concerned, has the general shape of the frustum.of ay conel the extremity where the abrading or cutting heads arelocated having the greatest diameten, the said structure tapering,`rearwardly, thus relieving, so far as practicable, any ltendency forthe'apparatus to get' stuck in the tunnel. By virtue of the fact thatthe said structure diminishes in diameter from. its forward extremityrearwardly, there is no tendency for the parts in the rearv of itsforward extremity to be obstructed by engagementwith the surrounding;walls of the tunnel, or to become wedged through the interposition ofmuck or other material between the said structure and the Patented J une6, 191,6.

tunnel walls, as might be the case if the rotary apparatus of themachinewere approximately of the same diameter from the front to rear.Furthermore, provision is made in my improved construction for cutting aportion of the wallof the tunnel away to a greater extent, said portionextending therearound a suitable distance,- this distancebeinglillustrated in the drawing as` approximately half way around or througha semi-circumference, the said enlargement being in the upper portion orhalf of the tunnel, whereby it becomes practicable to support-anarch-shaped roof for the tunnel, the lower edges of which roof rest uponcifsetsl or shoulders at the extremities of the semi-circumferentialenlargement. n order to accomplish the aforesaid function, certain ofthe'abrading or cutting members are eccentrically mounted andautomatically actuated duringthe rotation of the structure in such amanner that the said heads are thrown into the cutting position w-hiletraveling' through a semi-circumference of the tunnel, and automaticallythrown out of the cutting position by partial rotations of the shaftsupon which they are mounted, the said shafts carrying pinions whichengage cogged racks for the purpose of imparting the said movement.

Another novel feature of my improved construction consists of Scraperswhich are carried by the rotating structure, the said Scrapers extendingto the breast of the rock and being sufiiciently inclined to the axis oflOIO ing run of a conveyer -which is automatically and intermittentlyactuated during the operation of the machine, the said muck being againdischarged upon the second continuously moving conveyer, whichdischarges it at the rear extremity of thel nia- -chin'e entirely out ofthe way, whereby it does not interfere with the operation.

Another novel feature of my improved construction consists intheemployment of rollers mounted upon the rotary structure a-nd engagingthe breast of the rock whereby the forward movement of the rotarystructure carrying the cutting or abrading heads is' made equalthroughout the abrading area, thus preventing a portion of thestructure, as on one side thereof. from traveling more rapidly than therest, due to the uneven hardness of the rock upon which the machine isacting. This feature prevents any change in direction of the travel ofthe machine except when such is desirable and due to the manipulation ofcertain elements of the construction, as hereinafter fully explained.

Finally, my present'imprmfement includes Special constructions ofabrading or cutting heads, the said heads being each composed of aseries of independently adjustable members which, when properlyarranged, are securely clamped in the assembled relation.

Having briefly outlined my present improvement, I' will-proceed todescribe the same in detail, reference being made to the accompanyingdrawing, in which is illustrated an embodiment thereof.

Figure 1 isa detail vertical longitudinal sectional view takenapproximately upon the line 1-'-1, Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a cross sectionalview taken upon the line 2-2, Fig. 1. Fig.

3 is a View of the machine partly in plan and partly'in section upon theline 3-3, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a rear view partly in section'upon the line4 4, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detail view of one of the cam devices foractuating the reciprocable hammer shafts. Fig. 6 is an elevation of theforward extremity of the machine. Fig. 7 is a viewin sectionsubstantially upon the line 3 7, Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a view in perspectiveof one of the abrading sections with which the abrading heads areprovided.l Fig. 9 is a face view of an abrading head with the abradingsections in place. Fig. 10 is a section upon line 10-10, Fig. 9. Fig. 11is a section upon line 1'1-11, Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig.9, but showing a different arrangement of the abrading sections orchisels. Figs. 13 and 14 are sections taken upon the lines 13-13 and land four sha 14-14, respectively, Fig. 12. Fig. 15 is a view partly insection ofthe auxiliary cutting head. Fig. 16 is an elevational viewlooking in the direction of arrow 16, Fig. 15. I

Fig. 17 is a detail view in cross section upon the line 17g-17, Fig. 2,illustrating the means for controlling the horizontal direction of themachine.

In this drawing: Let the numeral designate a main centrally arrangedshaft which is journaled in bearings 6 mounted on a framework 7 which islaterally adjustable upon a carriage 8 mounted on rollers 9 which engagethe lower portion of the wall of the tunnel, the said rollers beingmounted, on inclined -members 10 of an axle 12, the latter beingjournaled in a box 13 carried by a semi-elliptical spring 141 whoseextremities are respectively secured to the forward and rear extremitiesof the carriage as shown at 15 and 16. The shaft is further journaled inan eye 17 formed in the upper extremity of a depending arm 18 whoselower extremityl is threaded to receive a transversely arranged screwshaft 19 which is journaled in side members 20 of the carriage. Thisshaft 5 extends forwardly beyond the carriage and upon it are mountedand made. fast three disks 21, 22 and 23, the disk 21 being foremost,the disk 22 located in the rear thereof, and the disk 23 vrearmost.These disks, in connection with the main shaft, constitute the body ofthe rotary structure carrying the reciprocable abrading or cuttingheads, as hereinafter more fully described. These heads, so far as thegreater number of them is concerned,- may be designated by the numeral211. Each head is mounted and made fast upon the forward extremity of ashaft 25 passing ,through perforations 26, 27 and 28 formed in therespective disks. The perforation in the foremost disk 2l has a bushing29 threaded thereinto, the said bushing having an opening in which theshaft 25 slides freely. These bushings accurately guide theshafts-during their reciprocating movement, and prevent them fromgetting out of proper alinement in the rotary structure.

Mounted on each shaft 25 is a power. spring 30 which is interposedbetween an adjustable stop 31 and the forward face of the rear-most disk23. Between the stop 31 and the disk 22 is a buffer spring 32, whichprevents any tendency to injure the structure by concussion or jarduring the forward movement of the cutting or abrading head.

Upon the rear extremity of each shaft 25 is mounted a wrist-pin 33carrying an antifrictional roller 34 adapted to be acted upon by a cam35 carried by shafts 36, 37 38 and 39. As illustrated in the drawing,there are two shafts 36 two shafts 37, two shafts 38 fts 39, and eachcarries one or more cams 35. Where there is more than one camorra shaftthey are suitably spaced circumferentially'on the shaft whereby the camsact .successively upon the wrist-pin Vrollers-0f 'the reciprocahleshafts to which -the rearwardmovement .is imparted bythe 4saidcamsvThese shafts are journaled in -extremities are equipped with bevelpinions l 41 which mesh y'with a relatively .large bevel .gear-42carried by 'a lsleeve 43 loose on the .main shaft '5. .Approximatelymidway be- 'tween fthe extremities ofeach shaft 36 is located afbevelgear 44 vwhich 'meshes with a similar gear 45 `fast Ona -shaft 37. Eachshaft 37 is also'equipped lwith a bevel `gear 46 meshing with asimilargear 47 fast on a shaft S39. Furthermore, each shaft 36 is equipped withva gear 48 meshing with a gear 49 carried by a counter shaft l50. lThisgear 49 -in turn .meshes with a gear Tilifast .on a shaft 38 which .alsocarries a gear 52 meshing with a, gear v'47 of another shaft 39. As eachshaft 36 is connected in the same manner with shafts 37, 38 and 39, `itwill be understood yfrom the foregoing description that from each shaft36 'rotary motion is impartedfto-a shaft 37, `a shaft 38 andtwoshafts`39.

As illustrated in ithe drawing, each shaft -36 `vcarriesa :number ofcams 435, which is also true Vof veach ofthe shafts 37 and 38,

Awhile each shaft 39 carries 'but a single cam. v vThere must, ofcourse,be a cam vfor each rel 3 `ofthe drawing, let Athe `numeral '53designate ashaft journaled in bearings 54.1nounted on the frame member7. The rear extremity -of this vshaft is yequipped with a sprocket wheelto which power may he transmitted 'from any suitable prime motor, (notshown). 'This shaft 53 is equipped lwith a v,gear 56 Ameshing vwith apinion 57 fast on a shaft 58 journaled in boxes 59 and carrying a wheely60 connectedl by means of'ai-flexible element 61 with a wheel 62 fast`on a rear shaft 63 which .is transversely arranged-on the framework .7.This shaft 63 .is further provided with a wheel 64 connected by means ofa flexible element 65 with a larger wheel 66 -mounted upon a`countershaft 127, upon which is also mounted :a relatively small wheel67 which is connected by means of a flexible element 68 to a relativelylarge `wheel `69 fast onpa. shaft 70 which is equipped with gears 71 and72,

` and 'endwise shiftable to cause it to mesh outer edge or periphery ofthe disk 22 whereby rotary movement is imparted to the structurecomposed of the disks 21, 22 and 23, the main shaft 5, the reciprocableshafts 25 and their cutting heads 24.

The .shaft 53v extends forwardly beyond v f the reverse movement to the`various shafts 25 carrying the abradlng or cutting heads 24.

Attention is called to the fact that the three disks 21, 22 and 23 areof varying diameters, thel disk 21 being largest, the disk .22 somewhatsmaller, and the disk 23 smallest. By `reason of this variation in sizethe rotatable structure has approximately the shape of the frustum of aIcone, whereby there is 4no opportunity for wedging the ro'- tatingapparatus within the tunnel in the rear of the cutting or abradingheads, as heretofore explained. By virtue of this variation in the sizeof the said disks which constitute the framework carrying thereciprocable shafts 25. it becomes necessary that some of these shaftsshall have-their l axes inclined considerably to the axis of the mainshaft `5. During the operation of the machine it is so arranged that at'its lowermost side the adjacent shaft 25 is parallel, or approximatelyparallel,- with the wall of the tunnel. ly virtue of this arrangementthere is ay relatively large space above the rotary structure within thetunnel,'tl1us giving increased facilities for looking after themechanism during its operation without removing the structure from thetunnel.'

The side men'ibers 20' ofthe carriage 8 occupy positions parallel witheach other for a certain distance. However, at points 84, (see Fig.- 3),the said members are bent outwardly, and merge into forward extensions85 to which are'attached, by means of bolts 86, the opposite extremitiesof a curved axle 106, as best illustrated in Fig. 2. This axle carriesside rollers 87 and an intermediate bottom roller 88, which arejournaled upon the axle 106 and engage the walls of the tunnel.l To theforward extremities of the extensions 85 are lalso secured anglebrackets 89 having upwardly extending arms 90 provided with teeth orcogs 91, thus forming the parts 9() into cogged racks, adapted to engagepifnions 92 fast on two reciprocable shafts 93 on whose forwardextremities are eccentrically mounted cutting or abrading heads 94. v

The object of the racks 90 is to impart partial rotary movements tothese shafts 93, whereby, when in one-position, namely, that illustratedin Fig. 3, the head is thrown out of commission, or away from the breastof the rock, while when in another position, namely, that shown 'at theleft of Fig. 2, the head 94 is thrown into operative relation with thebreast of the rock and occupies a position farther outward,circumferentially, than the cutting or abrading heads 24. The object ofthese two cutting or abrading heads 94 is to form the tunnel somewhatlarger through a portion of its circumference, its enlarged part being`indicated by the numeral 95 in Figs. 2 and 0, and extendingl throughapproximately a semi-circumference of the bore, leaving shoulders oroffsets 96 at its extremities, adapted to form a support for an archedroof, with which it may be advantageous to provide the tunnel. Hence theracks 90 vare arranged in the path of pinions 92 fast on the shafts 93,being` further so arranged that as the rotary structure continues itslmovement in the direction indicated by arrow a (see Fig. 2), the pinion92 of one of these shafts will-engage the teeth 91 of the rack 90 at theproper time on the downwardly moving side of the rotary structure, toimparta partial rotation to the shaft 93 andthrow the'cutting headinwardly toward the longitudinal axis of the tunnel, by virtue ofthefact that the head 94-is eccentrically mounted on its shaft, asheretofore explained. This act is accomplished at the desired instant toterminate `the cutting operation of each of these heads when it hasreached the desired point in its rotary travel. Again, as soon as thepinion `92 has reached the rack 90,011l the opposite sideA of thestructure, this pinion will engage the last named rack and the shaftwill be actuated rotatably to return its head 94 to the proper positionfor cutting the enlargement 95 in the bore of the tunnel.

' The rotary framework carries a series of rollers 97 which are mountedthereon by vmeans of ball and socket joints 98, thus making itpracticable to change the direction of their axes by shifting thevbearing ring 99 in which the journals at the rear extremities of therollers, are located. This may be accomplished by means of a screw stem100 mounted in the disks 22 and 23, and carrying at its forwardextremity a block 101 having parallel beveled extremities 102 adapted toengage a socket 103 of counterpart shape formed in the said bearing ring99.

. The rotary cutting or abrading heads 94 are arranged to travel a shortdistance in the rear of the zone occupied by the heads 24, whereby theeccentrically mounted heads 94 are swung into and out of operativeposition without interfering in any way with other parts of themechanism.

The rotary structure is further equipped with scrapers 104 which occupya position inclined to the axis of the rotary structure, thesaidscrapers extending from the breast of the rock rearwardly a shortdistance and being adapted, as the apparatus rotates, to move the muckor rock cuttings rearwardly whereby the said cuttings are in position tobe received by the scoops 105 which are connected with the forwardextremities of conduits 107 inwhich are located belt conveyers 108, thescoops being so arranged that after each has traveled through the lowerpart of the tunnel it takes up the muck in its path and as it movesupwardly to the desired elevation, the muck is discharged upon theconveyer 108 which is then in the lower part of the conduit 107, and themuck, being carried rearwardly by this conveyer, which travels bodilyvwith the rotary structure of the machine, is finally delivered by theconveyer 108 to a conveyer 109 located in the rear of the rotarystructure of the machine and mounted on the non-rotatable carriage 8 ofthe apparatus.

Each of the scrapers 104 is connected by means of an arm 110 with ablock 112 located in the forward extremity of a sleeve 113 carried bythe disk 21. The block 112 is connected with one extremity of a spiralspring 114 located within the sleeve, the opposite extremity of thesleeve being secured `to the spring as shown at 115. r1`he scraper is soconnected with the block 112, and the latter with the spring 114, thatthe torsional tension of the spring is sufficient to maintain thevscraper in operative relation with the other parts of the mechanism,whereby the muck is carried rearwardly from the breast of the rock intothe path of the scoops 105.4 Should a scraper encounter an obstacle onthe wall of the tunnel which was of such character that it would notyield, the only result would be that the scraper, together with itsblock 112, would turn in the sleeve 113 against the torsional resistanceof its spring 114 until the scraper had passed the obstacle, when thetorsional tension of the spring would return the scraper to its normalposition.

The scoops 105 are connected with the forward extremities of theconduits 107 by suitable fastening devices 116, the scoops beingfurthersupported by means of tie rods 117 which are connected with the disk 21.Each conveyer 108 consists of an endless belt mounted on rollers 118journaled in the opposite extremities of the corresponding conduit 107.The rearwardly located roller is positively rotated for the purpose ofactuating the conveyer by means of a gear 119 mounted on an extension120 of the roller journal, the gear 119 meshing with. a second gear 121fast on a spindle 122 which also .carries a pinion 123 adapted tointermittentlyr engage a rack bar 124.- for actuating the eonveyer. Therack bar 124 is mounted on the non-rotary carriage of the structure andis arranged in the path of the pinion 123 during the movement of therotary structure through a portion of its circumferential travel. Thisintermittent movement' ofthe conveyer 108 is sufficient to actuate thelatter whereby the muck isgradually carried rearwardly and delivered tothe conveyer-109, which is similar in character. The conyeyer 109 ismounted on rollers 125 and 126 journaled in the carriage 8, the roller126 being located at the forward extremity of the conveyer. This lastnamed roller is actuated from a shaft 127 upon which is mounted a wheel128 which is connected by means of a flexible connection '129'with aywheel 130 fast on an extension 131 of one of the journals of the rollerThe shaft. 127 is operated from the shaft 63 by virtue of the'conneetionand arrangement of parts heretofore described, and as best' illustrated`in Fig. 3.

In addition to the cutting or abrading heads 247 twoadditional heads 132are employed, which are slightly different in structure from the heads24. in that their cutting or abrading surface is of somewhat less area.These heads, however, are actuated in the same manner as the heads 24,and their shafts constantly-'maintain their position with reference tothe operating cams. It should bev stated, however, with reference to theshafts 93 ofthe eccentrica'lly mounted heads 95, that whenthese headsare shifted to they inoperative-position, l(see Fig. 3), the wrist pinv33 carrying the antifrictional roller 34, (see the structure at thelefthand side of Fig. 4), is thrown out-of the path of the operatingcani 35,.hence the shaft 93 will not be reciprocated. until it is movedrotatably to return its cutting head 94 to its operative position. Thecutting heads 24 are of special construction, as illustrated in Figs. 3to 1.3 inclusive. Each of these heads is composed of a holder consistingof two members 133 which are secured by means ofl bolts 134: whereby thetwo members'are clamj'ied to the forward extremity of the shaft Theseholder members are provided with forwardly extending flanges 135, thetwo flanges of each holder being approximately of keystone shape,cutting. or abrading sections 136 being located therein,l and properlysecured by means of the bolts 134. These sections-136 are approximatelysquare in cross section and arey beveled at their outer extremities toform cutting or abrading edges 137. The shanks of the sections 136 aretoothed on opposite sides as shown at 138 to facilitate theproperadjpustment of the sections within their holders. This toothedfeature also facilitates the securing of the sections within theirholders-against displacement.` These sections 136 are arranged side byside withinv the holder and with the toothed faces 138 of vtheir shanks,in engagement. The sections are so arranged within their holders thattheir cutting edges 137 occupy a planeinclined to the breast of therock, the variation in the arrangement ef the cutting edges from a )laneat right angles to the axis of the sha t 25, being in the direction ofthe travel of the head, the rearmost sections of the head,- referring tothe direction of the heacs rotary travel,-having their cutting edgesforemost with reference to the longitudinal travel of the head Withinthe tunnel, whereby during the operation ofthe head, the varioussections of each series arranged in the direction of the heads rotarytravel, -may act' upon the breast ofthe rock much more advantageouslythan would be the case if the cutting edges all lay in a )lane at rightangles to the axisof the sha t, as Will-be readily understood. l

As illustrated in the drawing, each head 24 hasl a number of rows,orseries, of cut` ting or abrading sections, and the various sections ofadjacent heads forming a part of the rotary structure are preferably soarranged that the direction of the cutting edges in the one head may beat right angles, or approximately rightv angles,to the direction of thecutting edgesl of an adjacent head', the relative arrangement of thesections of adjacent heads being that illustrated in Figs. 9 and 12.

The portions of the fianges- 135 of each head which arecircumferentially outermost during the tunneling operation are curved inord-er to conform to the curvature of the tunnel. From the opposite endsof this curved Aflange part of the head, the flanges approach each otherto form a keystone shaped structure, as heretofore described. The twoseries of sections 13G adjacent the curved portion of the flange ofthehead are arranged in the arc of a circle, as best illussections,which-space is filled by a plate or l member 139.

.It is preferred to make the sections 136 all of the same length and ofuniform size. They may, however, be arranged within their holders tocause the plane of their forwardedges to occupy a position. formingoblique angles with the axisof theV shaft 25, by the use of fillingwashers 140 placed within the holder, the said washers being produce theresult heretofore AThese sections 141 have one cutting face only and asshown in the drawing, (see Figs. 15 and 16), only two rows or series ofsections are employed, both of said rows or series being considerablybeyond the line of the axis of the shaft in one direction, (see Fig.r15), whereby a partial rotation of the shaft will throw the cutting orabrading sections inwardly beyond their normal operating zone. Each head94 also consists of a holder composed of two members 142 connected byclamping bolts 143 whereby the cutting or abrading sections 141 aresecured within the head, and also whereby the head is secured to theforward extremity of its shaft 93. In order to prevent the head fromturning upon its shaft, I employ a key 144 which is formed integral witha collar 145 fast on a shaft 93. This key 144 enters a recess ofcounterpart shape formed in the two holder members, as best illustratedin Figs. 15 and 1G.

. .As the auxiliary cutting heads 182 are slibstantially of the sameconstruction as the heads 94, it will not be necessary to furtherdescribe the heads 132 in detail. In' thel form of construction shown inFigs. 9, 10 and 11, 12, 13 and 14, each shaft 25 is connected with theholder of the cutting head by means of a key 147, which may be of anysuitable construction.

'In order to properly regulate or adjust the 'carriage structure tocause the latter to harmonize with the rotary structure of the machinewhen in its operative position, the side beams 2O of the carriage 8 arerespectively equipped with vertically disposed screws 148 which arethreaded in nuts 149 secured to the upper edges of the said beams, thesaid screws extending downwardly through openings formed in the beamsand being swiveled in half bearings 150 which rest upon the extremitiesof the nonrotary axle 12 carrying the carriage rollers 9. These halfbearings 150 are slidably mounted in openings 151 formed in the beams20, and when it is desired to lower the running gear of the carriage, soto Speak, with reference to the body thereof, the screws are turned toraise the half bearings 150 whereby there would be av tendency to raisesaid bearings, but as the screws are rotated, the said half bearingsmaintain their position upon the extremities of the axle 12 by virtue ofthe settling or downward movement of the carriage body in order tomaintain the half bearings in their position upon the axles. In thisevent the lower edges of the beams 2O will gradually. move downwardlybelow the extremities of the axle. On the other hand, should it bedesired to raise the body of the carragewvith reference to the runninggear or the axle and rollers, the screws will be turned in the oppositedirection, which would impart a lifting movement to the side beams 20,or a movement the reverse of that heretofore explained.

lV ith reference to the function of the auxiliary abrading heads 132,attention is called to the fact that these heads are so arranged thatthey extendv outwardly circumferentially slightly farther than theoutermost heads 24 in order to ream out the bore of the tunnel, so tospeak. It is assumed that during the operation of the outermost abradingheads 24, they will gradually become somewhat worn, whereby there wouldbe a tendency for the tunnel to diminish in size, due to the failure ofthe abrading heads to maintain their normal abrading area. The auxiliaryheads 132 are intended to compensate for this failure on the part of theother heads to wear, and thus maintain the normal diameter of'thetunnel.

Extending forwardly from the foremost disk 21 are two or more rods 152,which are passed through suitable erforations in the disk and are fixedin the desired longitudinal position with relation to the disk by meansof nuts 153 one upon each side of the disk. A roller 154 is mounted inthe free end ofeach rod 152 and is adapted to bear upon the breast ofthe rock. It is evident that the rods 152 and rollers 154 serve to actas gages to regulate the distance between the breast of the rock and theforward diskl 2l. The longitudinal adjustment of the rods accomplish atwo-fold function, first, where the rock being tunneled is uniform inhardness, the adjustment is employed to take up wear upon the abradingchisels and second, where the hardness of the rock varies as the tunnelproceeds, the adjustment is brought into play to regulate the point inthe forward stroke of the abrading` heads at which they first touch theface of the rock, it being apparent that for hard rock, the strongestportion of the blow or that near the end of the. stroke of the abradinghead should be utilized while if the rock is comparatively soft, theblow may begin earlier in the stroke and the cut may extend deeper intothe rock.

. -From the foregoing description, the use and operation of my improvedtunneling machine will be readily understood.

The rotary structure of the machine is rotated from the shaft 53, towhich motion is originally imparted from'a prime motor of any Suitabledescription, connection being made with the sprocket wheel 55, asheretofore explained. During the operation of the rotary structure, rockor other material is disintegrated, and falls to the bottom of -thetunnel, where it is carried rearwardly by the scrapers 104 into the pathof the scoops 105, by which it is taken up and discharged upon the beltconveyer 108 which carries it rearwardly and delivers it to the beltconveyer 109 mounted upon the non rotary structure, the last namedconveyer discharging it at the rear extremity of the machine.l

During the operation of the rotary structure the abrading heads 94,which are eccentrically mounted on their shafts 93, are alternatelythrown into and out of operative relation with the breast of the rock inorder to form the circumferential enlargement 95 of the tunnel bore, asheretofore explained. During the rotary action of the rotary structure,the rollers 97 engage the wall of the tunnel and the direction of thelongitudinal travel of the machine is determined by the adjustment ofthe axes of these rollers.

The power taken from 'the shaft 53, is transmitted to the shaft and fromthe latter to one of the shafts 74 and its gearing connections, to thegear 76 of the rotary structure whereby the rotary motion is imparted tothe latter. Power is also taken from the shaft 53 through themedium ofthe cone pulleys 77 and 79, the gears 82 and 83, the sleeve 43, and thegear 42 for operating the cam shafts 3G, 37, `38 and 39, through whoseinstrumentality the rearward"movement is imparted to the shafts carryingthe abrading heads, kwhereby the power springs 30 are compressed andserve to drive the shafts and their heads forwardly as soon as theantifrictional bearing members of the shafts are disengaged from theirrespective cams.

lVhen it is desired to adjust the bodyfof the carriage 8 withreferenceto the running gear, and for the purpose of establishing the properpositional relation of the carriage to the rotary structure, the screws141-8 are operated in the manner heretofore explained.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In a tunneling machine, the combination with a longitudinal travelingcarriage, of a structure rotatably mounted thereon, and equipped withabrading members, rollers mounted on the structure and exteriorlyAarranged to engage the wall of the tunnel, a circumferentiallyadjustable ring in which one extremity of each roller is journaled, anda xed ring in which the other extremity of each roller is journaled,whereby the rollers may be turned through the medium of the adjustablering at an angle with the axis of the main structure.

2. In a tunneling machine, the combination with a relatively stationaryframework,

of a structure mounted to rotate on the 3. The combination with arelatively sta-- tionary framework, of a structure rotatably mountedthereon and carrying a series of 'eeiprocable abrading heads, the rotarystructure having its axis inclined to the axis ofthe tunnel and itsgreatest diameter at its forward extremity where the abrading heads arelocated, its diameter gradually7 diminishing toward the rear, and mea-nsmounted upon forward extensions of the framework for imparting rotarymovement to said structure, said forward extremities of the frameworkbeing connected by a curved axle provided with rollers shaped toengage'and conform to the periphery of the tunnel at certain points,whereby the framework is prevented from shifting laterally in thetunnel.

4. 'In a tunneling machine, the` combination with a relativelystationary f amework, of a structure rotatably mounted thereon andcarrying a vseries of abrading heads, the said rotary structure havingits greatest diameter at its forward extremity where the abrading headsare located, a number of auxiliary heads, shafts upon whichtheauxviliary heads are eccentrically mounted, the

auxiliary heads being arranged tou occupy one rotative position tooperate in a circumferential zone extending beyond `the zone of theother heads and to occupy another rotative position to lie within thezone of operation of the other heads.

5. In. a tunneling 'machina the combination `with a relativelystationary .framework, of a structure rotatably mounted thereon andcarrying` a series of abradinf; heads, ay number of auxiliary heads.shafts upon which the. auxiliary heads are eccentrically mounted, theauxiliary heads being arranged to occupy one rotative position tooperate in a circumferential Zone extending beyond the zone of the otherheads and to occupy another rotative position to lie within the zone ofoperation of the other heads.

(. In a tunneling machine, .the combina-L means for automaticallyimparting partial rotary movements to the shafts of the auxiliary headson their own axes at suitable intervals during the rotary travel of therotary structure, whereby the auxiliary heads are alternately throwninto and out of their zone 0f operation, substantially as described.

7. In a tunneling machine, the combination with a relatively stationaryframework, of a structure rotatably mounted and carrying an auxiliaryhead, a shaft upon which the auxiliary head is eccentrically mounted,the auxiliary head being arranged to operate in a circumferential zoneextending beyond the zone of the other heads, means for automaticallyimparting partial. rotary movements to the shaft of the auxiliary headon its own axis at suitable intervals during the rotary travel of therotary structure whereby the auxiliary head may be automatically throwninto and out of its zone of operation, and means for imparting thereciprocating movement to the auxiliary head. 8. In a tunneling machine,the combination with a relatively stationary framework, of a structurerotatably mounted thereon and carrying abrading heads reciprocablymounted, an auxiliary head, a shaft upon which the auxiliary head iseccentrically mounted, the auxiliary head being arranged to operate in'a zone extending circumferentially beyond the zone of the other heads,means for automatically imparting partial rotary movements to the shaftof the auxiliary head on its own axis at suitable .intervals during therotary travel of the rotary structure, and means for imparting thereciprocating movement to the auxiliary head, said means comprising acam carried by the rotary structure, the shaft of the auxiliary headcarrying a bearing adapted to be engaged by the cam. the said bearingbeing lradially fixed with respect to the shaft whereby it is thrown outof the path of the cam when the auxiliary head is thrown inwardly beyondthe Zone of operation. -v

9. In a tunneling machine, the combination with a relatively stationaryframe, of a main shaft journaled on said frame and extending forwardlytherefrom, a structure l mounted onthe shaft andv connected torotate-therewith, abrading heads, shafts upon which the abrading headsare mounted and made fast, the said shafts being reciprov cably mounted,cam shafts journaled on the rotary structure and adapted to engageantifrictional bearing members with which the shafts of the severalabrading. heads are equipped, a gearloose on the main shaft andconnected in operative relation with the cam shafts, and means mountedon the stationary frame for actuating the gear on the main shaft, theshaftsof the abrading heads being equipped with power springs which areplaced under tension by the movement of the shafts when actuated by thecams, substantially as described.

l0. In a tunneling machine, the combination with a relatively stationaryframework, of a. main sha-ft journaled thereon, a structure mounted onthe shaft to rotate with the latter, abrading heads reciprocably mountedupon the rota-ry structure, power springs mounted on the shafts forimparting movement to the heads in one direction, cam shafts journaledon the rotary structure, the cams of the shafts being arranged toactuate the shafts of the abrading heads to place the power springs ofthe said shafts under tension, a gear applied exteriorly to the rotarystructure, a shaft carried by the stationary framework, and an operativeconnection between the last named shaft and the gear of the rotarystructure for imparting the rotary movement to the latter, substantiallyas described.

11. In a tunneling. machine, the combination with a relativelystationary framework, of a rotary structure mounted thereon and carryingabrading heads, scoops for gathering themuck, and Scrapers carried bythe rotary structure and arranged in the zone of the abrading heads, thesaid Scrapers being inclined to the direction of longitudinal travel ofthe machine to cause the muck to travel rearwardly from the breast ofthe rock and into the path of the scoops, substantially as described.

12. In atunneling machine, the combination with a relatively stationaryframework, of a structure rotatably mounted thereon and carryingabrading heads, scoops arranged in the rear of the abrading heads forgathering the muck, and :Scrapers mounted on the rotary structure andextending forwardly from the scoops into the zone of the abrading heads,the said Scrapers being inclined to the axis of the tunnel and arrangedto cause the muck resulting from the abrading action of the heads, totravel rearwardly into the path of the scoops during the rotary actionof the structure. v 13. In a tunneling machine, the combination with arelatively stationary framework, of a structure rotatably mountedthereon, abrading heads carried by the said structure, scoops arrangedin the rear of the abrading heads for l,fratherimg the muck resultingfrom the abrading action of the heads, and Scrapers` extending forwardlyfrom the path of the scoops into the zone of the abrading heads, thesaid scapers being inclined to the axis of the tunnel and arranged tocause the muck to travel rearwardly into the path of the scoops, andmeans for subjecting the said Scrapers to orslonal spring stress, forthe purpose set ort 14. A tunneling machine including a working headrotatably mounted and equipped with a series oflongitudinallyreciprocable, abrading elements, said head having chambersextending longitudinally therethrough, conveyer belts passing throughsaid chambers, and scoops mounted on the head and arranged to dischargeinto the said chambers, and means for imparting -intermittent rearwardtravel to the upper run of the belts of the said chambers for thepurpose of removing the muck, substantiallyas described.

15. A tunneling machine including a working head rotatably mounted andequipped with a series of independently-reciprocable, abrading elements,the said head having longitudinally-disposed chambers mounted therein,conveyer belts passing through the chambers, means carriedvby the headfor taking up the muck and discharging it into said chambers, and meansfor imparting intermittent movement to the belts of the said chambersduring the rotary action of the head, substantially as described.

16. A tunneling machine including a rotatable working head equipped witha series of longitudinally-reciprocable, abrading elements, the saidhead having longitudinallydisposed chambers extending' therethrough,endless conveyers passing through the chambers, means for removing themuck and discharging it into these chambers, a. frame mounted in therear of the head, and a` conveyer mounted on the said frame and arrangedto receive the muck from the chambers of the rotary head, substantiallyas described.

17. In a tunneling machine, a rotary structure-including rock abradingmeans, a scraper arranged in the zone of operation of the abradingmeans, said scraper being diagonally arranged with respect to the axisof the tunnel, a spring upon which said scraper is mounted, said springbeing adapted to hold said scraper to its work normally and to yieldupon engagement by the scraper of an unusual obstacle..

' 18. In a tunneling machine,'a frame work, a rotatable structuremounted upon said frame-work, the shape of said structure being.substantially that of a truncated cone v with the large end forward andthe axis inclined downwardly toward the rear and abrading means arrangedat the forward extremity of the structure.

19. In a tunneling machine the combination with a longitudinal travelingcarriage working head mounted to rotate, and

equipped with cutting means, rollers mounted on 'the head and exteriorlyarranged to engage the wall of the tunnel, a circumferentiallyadjustable ring in which one eX- tremity of each roller is journaled,and a fixed ring in which the other extremity of each roller isjournaled, whereby therollers may be turned through the medium of theadjustable ring at an angle with the axis of the main head,substantially as described.

. 22. A tunneling machine comprising a working head, mounted tol rotate,and equipped with cutting means, means for rotating the head, rollersmounted on the said head and arranged to engage the wall of the tunnel,a circumferential, adjustable band in which one extremity of each rolleris journaled, and a fixed support in which the other extremity of eachroller is j ournaled, whereby the said rollers may beturned at an angleto the main axis of the head, for the purpose set forth.

23. A 'tunneling machine, including a working head rotatably mounted andequipped with abrading elements, the said head having chambers extendinglongitudinally therethrough, conveyer belts passing.

through the said chambers, means mounted on the head andarranged todischarge materiall into the said chambers, and means for impartingintermittent rearward* travel to the upper run of the belts of the saidchambers for the purpose of removing the material, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

j CARL w. HoDGsoN. Witnesses:y

SoLoN J. BoUGHToN,

MAY CLEMENTS.

